Disasters occur due to both the natural and
man-made activities. Hazards and Disasters are categorized into four groups,
viz., Natural events, Technological events, Man-made events and Region-wise
events. The adverse impacts caused due to the indiscriminate disposal of Hazardous
Wastes (HWs) come under the category of Environmental Disasters. Hazardous
Waste Management (HWM) is a very important issue and is assuming significance
globally. Very few industries in India, mostly in large scale and a few in
medium scales, own proper treatment and disposal facilities. A common waste
treatment and disposal facility such as Treatment, Storage and Disposal
Facility (TSDF) for management of HWs generated from industries is one of the
useful options under such conditions.
Few Guidelines issued
by Ministry of Environment and Forests under Hazardous Wastes (Management &
Handling) Rules, 1989 promulgated under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 are
available in India for selection of best site for TSDF. The planning for HWM
comprises of several aspects ranging from identification and quantification of
HW to development and monitoring of TSDF. This report work aims at studying
various methods used in managing hazardous wastes which can be effectively
applied in developing countries like INDIA.
A hazardous waste is
any waste or combination of wastes that poses a substantial danger, now or in
the future, to human, plant or animal life and which therefore cannot be
handled or disposed of without special precautions. The Hazards and Disasters
can be classified into four categories viz., Natural events, Technological
events, Man-made events and Region-wise events. The adverse impacts caused due
to the indiscriminate disposal of Hazardous Wastes (HWs) come under the
category of Environmental Disasters. For example, in 1982, 2242 residents are
evacuated after dioxin is found in soil in Missouri, U.S.A. In 1996-97, 265354
tonnes of soil and other dioxin-contaminated material from Times Beach
(Missouri, U.S.A) and 26 other sites in eastern Missouri had been incinerated.
Release of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) gas in Bhopal (1984) caused a severe
disaster in India. So there is a growing concern all over the world for the
safe disposal of hazardous waste generated from anthropogenic sources.
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